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Scaffolding and Towers

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• TG9:12 Guide to the design and construction of temporary roofs and buildings
  This guidance by the National Access & Scaffolding Confederation, was republished in January 2012, is the essential authoritative guidance to the safe erection and design of such temporary buildings.
  It uses the information on wind loads for the UK using the NA to BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 (from January 2011)
  Order Ref TG9:12 from NASC either by email to the NASC or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401

• TG20:08 - Volume 2
  In November 2011 the NASC issued a statement that, with immediate effect, all the safe height tables, text and diagrams associated with wind loading covered in TG20:08 Volume 2 are no longer valid and should not be used.
  From February 2012 revised Tables 29, 30, 31, 34, 35 and 36 together with Appendix A can be downloaded only as *.pdf files direct from www.nasc.org.uk
  

  (NOTE - the safe height tables in Supplement No.1 are still valid. )

• Floor Slabs, lasers and levels
  This article by Alasdair Beal ought to be compulsory reading for anyone building or designing insitu suspended concrete slabs on metal decking or on precast planks. It discusses the significant effects of elastic deflection and the designer's specification. Options of constant thickness versus constant level and the effect on the deflections of the permanent formwork AND the permanent structure are highlighted.
  See CONCRETE magazine, September 2011, Volume 45, Issue 09, Pages 15 to 17 or CLICK here for link.

• TG4:11 Anchorage Systems for Scaffolding
  Published in August 2011 by the NASC in conjunction with the Construction Fixings Association, this 20 page guide gives detailed information on types of fixings, selection, safe loads, plus recommended testing methods and regimes. It is to be read with TG20:08

  (Order Ref. TG04:11 from NASC either by email nasc.org.uk or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401)

• TG20:08 - Supplement No. 1 - Wind and Appendix H
  Published in April 2011, this 16 page A4 size supplement introduces the European Wind Code BS EN 1991-1-4:2005+A1:2010 on Basic Scaffolds and gives a simplified method and REVISED safe height tables.

  The Appendix H for tying to permeable open structures is also updated and included in this supplement.
  NOTE : Since publication, the UK wind map has been revised by BSI : The correct map is published in the forthcoming BS5975:2008+A1:2011 due late September 2011.

  ORDER FROM: The NASC, 4th Floor, 12 Bridewell Place, London, EC4V 6AP, Tel: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or at web: www.nasc.org.uk Ref: TG20:08 Supplement 1, London, February 2011, 16pp.

• SG4:You User Guide to SG4:10 * * * NOW AVAILABLE.
  This pocket sized 84 page booklet by the National Access & Scaffolding Confederation gives practical guidance to all site staff for preventing falls from scaffolding. Easily read with many detailed illustrations - this booklet is an essential item for site inductions. Published in January 2011 with a foreward by the HSE, it complements the "Safe system of work" introduced in SG4:10.

  Order Ref SG4:You ISBN 978-0-9549515-6-6 (0nly £5) from NASC either by email to the NASC or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401

• HSE Document - Management of Temporary Works
  The HSE published a twelve page document issued as a SIM (Sector Information Minute) in 2010 entitled The management of temporary works in the construction industry. It is in the public domain and can be reproduced free of charge but is Crown Copyright and can be viewed by clicking on the link above.

• Temporary Works Forum (TWf)
  The Forum has been established with sponsors and a web site; and now meets regularly. The TWf aims to encourage open discussion of any matter related to Temporary Works. The group is open to anyone.

  The TWf primary objectives with respect to Temporary Works are to give authoritative guidance and when required professional leadership to the industry. Consider aspects of permanent works and relevant interfaces between permanent works and temporary works. Consider both current practice and likely development. Be aware of trends and innovations. Consider whether unacceptable risk exists or might arise in the future and, if believed so, to give warning to relevant bodies. Consider whether further research and development appears desirable.

  The TWf is hosted by the ICE with assistance of SCOSS and the IStructE. Visit the TWf website at www.twforum.org.uk.

• Accredited Expert Witness
  Eur. Ing. Peter Pallett is now an accredited Expert Witness under the Civil Procedures Part 35 Rules having passed the examination and relevant training for Cardiff University Law School and Bond Solon.

• BeamPal analysis program Version 1.03
  This popular simple and easy to use, beam analysis program works on Win98, Windows XP, and can also run on both Windows Vista and Windows 7. The latest version has the facility to "hold down" or allow "lift off" of beams at support(s). See on-screen displays of bending moment, deflection and/or shear force ; print them off onto A4 paper ; save ; point and drag supports and loads etc.. Click here to find out more about BeamPal.

• BSI and CEN Documents
  Peter's update on information about relevant British and European Standards for Temporary Works is listed on a separate web page.
  Click to access.

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• National Structural Concrete Specification for Building Construction.
  The Fourth edition of this successful CONSTRUCT document was published in April 2010. Promoted by consultants and contractors alike, it has been extensively updated to include the BS EN 13670 Execution of Concrete Structures requirements.

  (ORDER HARD COPY FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CCIP-050, 126 pages, ISBN 978 1 904818 96 0(?) or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.)
  (Also available as FREE NSCS_V4.pdf file direct from http://www.construct.org.uk/publications.asp )

• The CDM Regulations 2007
  The Approved Code of Practice from HSE Books with regulations included. 122 pages on ISBN 978 0 7176 6223 4.
  (ORDER: Telephone direct to HSE Books : +44 (0) 1787 881165 or from the web Bookfinder at http://books.hse.gov.uk quoting Reference L 144)

  The 50 page Industry Guidance for Designers was published in May 2007 (Ref CDM07/4 ) and is only available as a *.pdf file from Construction Skills.

• Role and Competence of TWC's
  Briefing note by Frank Marples (BSI Chairman of BS 5975 committee) in Proceedings of Institution of Civil Engineers, May 2011, Volume 164, Issue CE2. Sets out to clearly define a tailored role and the required attributes for competence of Temporary Works Coordinators.

• C654 Tower Crane Stability
  Safety of tower cranes and the design of their foundations is an important temporary works operation. This new CIRIA 90 page book is intended to promote the safe design of foundations for, and use of, tower cranes through an improved understanding of temporary works design and health and safety issues. Order from the CIRIA bookshop C654: ISBN 0 86017 654 1

• HSG150 Health and Safety in Construction
  The Health and Safey Executive issued in May 2006 a new edition of HSG 150 to take into account the recent changes in legislation (particularly the Work at Height Regulations 2005 ). ISBN 0 7176 6182 2.

  (ORDER: Telephone direct to HSE Books : +44 (0) 1787 881165 or from the web Bookfinder at http://books.hse.gov.uk quoting Reference HSG 150.)

• FRICTION in Temporary Works
  First published in the June 2002 edition of CONCRETE magazine is the article summarising the UK research work on friction. The date is also introduced into BS 5975:2008.
  The friction resistance using “wet” timber and plywood has shown that the values previously published for DRY timber and plywood are acceptable lower bound values. Surprisingly, wet and saturated timber and plywood gave higher values than when dry - believed caused by the individual timber fibres compressing when wet and making a "rougher surface".

• A Guide to the safe transportation of formwork and falsework equipment
  Apologies, I missed this one, published in 2005, this A4 booklet procured with help from suppliers and the HSE assesses industry practices and gives guidance on packing, handling and transporting temporary works equipment.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop, 15 pages, ISBN 1 904482 23 6) or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

• A Guide to the Safe Use of Formwork and Falsework
  
  Published in May 2008, this full colour A4 booklet reviews the most commonly used types of formwork and falsework and gives guidance on their safe use. It focuses on the hazards of working at height and discusses systems that can both minimise and control the consequent risks.
  The guide will be of interest to many in the construction industry, setting out the criteria for safe systems of work with formwork and falsework, from client concept, delivery, storage, use, handling, and subsequent dismantling.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CSG/005, 54 pages, ISBN 978 1 904482 41 3) or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

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• Formwork - a guide to good practice
  The Second Edition was reprinted in March 1997 to bring it up to date with the references, and a few minor editorial corrections.
  Stocks: Now only available as a Black and White reprint.
  ( A Third edition is under preparation and expected in March 2012.)

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CS030, 232 pages, ISBN 0 946691 52 5 ) or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

• CS140 - GUIDE TO FLAT SLAB FORMWORK and FALSEWORK
  Published by the CONCRETE SOCIETY in June 2003 at £60.00. The Flat Slab Guide is prepared by a CONSTRUCT working party under chairmanship of Peter Pallett under an initial PiT proposal with The University of Birmingham. It introduces some very informative and innovative methods for striking flat slabs and, very importantly, introduces detailed guidance, with examples, on backpropping of multi-storey buildings based on BRE Report BR 394. The Excel spreadsheet included with the Guide will quickly become the essential tool for PWD's and TWC's in planning backpropping operations.
  

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CS140, 144 pages, ISBN 0 946691 90 8 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.))

• Concrete Groups for formwork pressure
  Users of CIRIA report R108 need the relevant concrete group for determination of the pressure of concrete on formwork. Additional research has been carried out to advise CIRIA about the pressures for a range of superplasticised and self compacting concretes.
  Peter Pallett's article in CONCRETE magazine March 2009 (page 44 & 46) relates the new cement designations to the factors used in CIRIA 108.

  The working party currently updating CS030 Formwork - a guide to good practice have recommended that to avoid confusion in future, the industry classifies pressure determinations into three groups, as opposed to the seven groups currently used. These will be:-
  Group A - Basic Concrete ( Formerly Groups 1 & 2 )
  Group B - Retarded Concrete ( Formerly Groups 3, 4 & 5 )
  Group C - Heavily Retarded Concrete ( Formerly Groups 6 & 7 )
  Click here for a *.pdf table of the Concrete Groupings

• CS 162: Slipforming of vertical structures
  
  Published in June 2008, this is "Good Concrete Guide 6 " and gives detailed guidance on modern slipforming techniques. It has sections on management, equipment, applications, economics and accuracy.
  The guide will be of interest to many in the construction industry, from clients, to contractors and suppliers.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref:CS 162, 32 pages, ISBN 978 1 904482 44 4) or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

• BR495 - Formwork for modern, efficient concrete construction
  The Building Research Establishment have just published a 24 page summary guidance booklet on the latest techniques available for forming concrete buildings. Covering frame buildings, tables forms, columns, panel systems, jump forms and slip forms, this well illustrated booklet gives gidanmce on the process efficiancy, safety and sustainability features of various systems.

  (ORDER: Telephone direct to IHS BRE Press : +44 (0) 1923 664000 or from the web at www.brepress.com quoting Reference BR 495 or ISBN 978-1-86081-975-9 )

• Designers's Guide to use of Expamet Hy-Rib
  Hy-Rib is now even more important in construction, by eliminating the need for scabbling joints, hence reducing "white finger". The third edition is now available as a direct *.pdf download ( 1.65 Mb ) from this site by clicking on
  "Hy-Rib Guide 3rd Edition ".
  It includes the updated properties of one type of Hy-Rib and also it's use with Self Compacting Concrete on a 400mm stop end. Surprisingly, the concrete did not flow through! For Hy-Rib technical information either email Expamet or view their web site www.hy-rib.com

• Qi Training DVD's
  The very successful training videos on "Good Formwork Practice" and on "Curing & Protecting Concrete & Striking Formwork" are now available on DVD. Contact Qi Training on telephone : +44 (0) 1793 771 748

• CS144 - CHECKLIST for the assembly, Use and Striking of Formwork
  This handy, pocket sized checklist, prepared by a Concrete Society working party was published in April 2003. The checklist, similar in style to the successfull "Falsework checklist" is produced for supervisors and is suitable for use in both building and civil engineering. It will quickly become an important reference document for the site team, and in particular for the supervisory staff.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CS144, 28 pages, ISBN 0 946691 99 1 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.)

• ACI Formwork for concrete
  The American Concrete Institute re-published in September 2005 the 7th Edition of their publication on Formwork. Edited by M.K. Hurd, it includes new material on single sided walls and new pressure formulae with coefficients for different types of concrete used in America. (Order Ref: SP47TH ).

• PERMANENT FORMWORK IN CONSTRUCTION - CIRIA Report C558
  The joint Concrete Society / CIRIA working party document is published. Under the authorship of Bob Wrigley, this very informative 174 page report gives authoritative guidance on the use of Permanent Formwork in both building and civil engineering. It should be a "must" for all PWD's and users of this type of formwork.

  Available from CIRIA as Report C558 ISBN 0 86017 558 8. (£90 Non-members)

• CONTROLLED PERMEABILITY FORMWORK (Report C511)
  The joint CIRIA/Concrete Society 102 page authoritative guidance report written by Eur Ing Bill Price was published in July 2000. Contact CIRIA direct for your copies. ISBN 0 86017 511 1

• PLAIN FORMED CONCRETE FINISHES
  The Concrete Society Technical Report No 52 is published. It illustrates twenty two different sites, with three colour photographs from each site of a plain concrete finish. Details of how the finish was achieved, the specification used etc. together with the concrete mix details, type of form face etc., are all included. It includes the CONSTRUCT reference panels. At long last, the industry has authoritative guidance on the subject.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref. TR52, 45 pages, ISBN 0 946691 70 3 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.)

• BEST PRACTICE GUIDE - EARLY AGE STRENGTH ASSESSMENT
  Published in April 2000 this guide is on early age strength assessment. It is important to those wishing to strike slabs early in fast track construction. It advocates the use of the LOK test on four readings to obtain a result based on the correlation curves to give a insitu strength assessment.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref. BCA 97.503 4 pages, ISBN 0 7210 1554 9 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.)

• Self-compacting Concrete
  The Concrete Society Technical Review TR62 was published in June 2005. It provides a basic understanding of applications, properties, design and practical considerations of use of SCC. Written in response to industry requests. Concrete pressure covered in two paragraphs, recommending, in absence of any data, use full hydrostatic head. ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CCIP-001, 80 pages, ISBN 0 904482 19 8 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

  Concrete pressure using SCC. The article by Yannick Vanhove of work carried out in France on concreting TWO 12m high columns with Self Compacting Concrete is summarised in an article in the June 2002 edition of CONCRETE magazine. They pumped one column from the bottom upwards, and the other more conventionally by skip from the top. The report introduces a modified Janssen formulae allowing for the friction of the face contact maerial and the type of release agent used. The results showed that, compared to full fluid pressure head, there was a reduction in SCC pressure of about 30% for the poured concrete by skip, and about 20% for the bottom pumped SCC concrete. [Two errors in Table 2 are corrected in an Errata in the July/August edition of CONCRETE ]
  The reference to this paper is given in the Chronological references.

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• DVD Safe Erection and Dismantling of Soffit Support Systems
  This 17 minute DVD by the Concrete Structures Group (CONSTRUCT) is an excellent aid for training on the safety aspects of the use of both proprietary Panel & Prop and aluminium table systems used in soffit support in building construction. Published in August 2009 it is up-to-date with UK safety requirements.

  Order Soffit Support DVD ( £5 ) from CONSTRUCT either by email to CONSTRUCT or Telephone: +44 (0) 1276 38444 or fax +44 (0) 1276 38899, or by following the links from www.construct.org.uk and click on publications.

• CS123 - CHECKLIST for Erecting and Dismantling Falsework
  This checklist, prepared by a Concrete Society working party is produced for supervisors and is in a handy, pocket sized edition. Suitable for both building and civil engineering, it has quickly become an important reference document for the site team, and in particular for the supervisory staff.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref: CS123, 24 pages, ISBN 0 946691 72 X or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.

• BEST PRACTICE GUIDE - EARLY STRIKING AND IMPROVED BACKPROPPING
  Published in March 2001 this four page guide is a simple introduction to Guide to Flat Slab Formwork and Falsework published in June 2003. It is of importance to those wishing to understand backpropping and early striking of slabs.

  (ORDER FROM: The Concrete Bookshop Ref. BCA 97.505 4 pages, ISBN 0 7210 1556 5 or order by email to the Concrete Bookshop.)

• C579 and C589 Masonry façade retention - best practice guide and site handbook
  Published in September 2003 by CIRIA, these major new references for all those involved in façade retentions include detailed design information and practical guidance. The CIRIA committee, under the chairmanship of David Thomas (HSE), must be congratulated for bringing together the differing design approaches previously used in the industry into one unified design approach. An on-site best practice handbook ( C589 ) in convenient A5 size is also available.
  
  C579 is ISBN 0 86017 5789 0 and C589 (A5 handbook) is ISBN 086017 589 8
  (Available direct from CIRIA Publications (Tel: +44 (0) 20 7549 3300) or email to CIRIA or from the web at www.ciria.org.uk quoting C579 or C589.)

• INVESTIGATIONS INTO ASPECTS OF FALSEWORK
  The HSE 200 page report is available as Contract Research Report CRR 394/2001 from HSE Books as ISBN 0 7176 2232 0. It is also available for download from www.hse.gov.uk/research/crr_htm/2001/crr01394.htm (2.5 Mb).

  The work was carried out by the University of Birmingham, led by Eur. Ing. Peter Pallett with help from Dr. M. Burrow, Professor L. Clark and Mr Ray Ward. The research investigated both the aspects of stability of falsework and measured eleven sites for accuracy of erection. The changes in management of falsework, together with more reliance on suppliers' designs has led to different criteria and checking regimes.
  

  “There does not appear to have been an overall improvement in verticality of erection over the last 12 years. ”
  “At all levels there is a lack of understanding of the fundamentals of stability of falsework and the basic principles involved.”

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• TG20:08 Scaffolding Guidance
  TG20 was published in November 2008 as two volumes. The Supplement 1 issued in February 2011 introduces the European Wind Code for Basic Scaffolds. The general guidance and four summary tables of safe height for Basic Unclad scaffolds, with or without inside boards, ( 1 or 2 allowed ) are in Supplement No. 1. The technical details with worked examples of unclad independent tied scaffolds are in Vol. 2 (128pp). Note that in November 2011 the NASC stated "all the safe height tables, text and diagrams associated with wind loading in TG20:08 Volume 2 are no longer valid, with immediate effect."

  It introduces a simple and effective concept of scaffold designation using three numbers, e.g. 3-5-2. The first number is the Service load class, (i.e. Class 3 for 2.0 kN/m² ), second number is number of 225mm boards between the standards, and the third number represents the number of scaffold boards cantilivering on the inside of the scaffold as either 0, 1 or 2. This will facilitate ease of procurement and provide users of scaffolds a quick understanding of what it was designed for.

  ERRATA: Vol. 2 Table 24 Page 145 - The safe slip load of a Swivel Coupler (Class A) is 6.1 kN not 3.6 kN, and the safe slip load of a Swivel (Class B) is 9.1 kN not 5.5 kN.

  ORDER FROM: The NASC, 4th Floor, 12 Bridewell Place, London, EC4 6AP
  Tel: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or at web: www.nasc.org.uk Ref: TG20:08 " Guide to Good Practice for Scaffolding with Tubes and Fittings", London, November 2008, ISBN 978-0-9549515-3-5 Volume One (120pp) and Volume Two (128pp), £135 plus p&p.

• TG20:08 Overview TOOLBOX TALK
  This pocket sized 16 page booklet by the National Access & Scaffolding Confederation, published in July 2009, is the essential authoritative Toolbox Talk necessary to bring your scaffolders up-to-date on the use of TG20:08.

  Order Ref TG20:08 Overview ISBN 978-0-9549515-4-2 from NASC either by email to the NASC or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401

  A FREE PowerPoint presentation is available as a toolbox talk direct from the NASC by CLICKING here or by following the links from www.nasc.org.uk/TG20_Launch.

• SG4:10 Preventing Falls in Scaffolding
  The National Access & Scaffolding Confederation's extensive guidance was published in December 2010. This A4 book with a foreword by the HSE significantly updates the earlier SG4:05. It defines the instalation and use of the " Scaffolders Safe Zone". This 60 page guide now gives clear guidance for both scaffolders and falsework erectors on how to prevent falls in the industry. Well illustrated, this guidance is a must for those involved in scaffolding. The pocket sized version SG4:You is being updated and will be published in January 2011.

  Order Ref. SG4:10 ISBN 978-0-9549515-5-9 from NASC either by email to the NASC or telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401

• SG25:10 Access and Egress from Scaffolds
  Safe access and egress is a major consideration from the Work at Height Regulations 2005, and this guidance, in consultation with the HSE, highlights the safe use of staircases and ladders for access and egress to/from scaffolds.
  Order Ref TG9:10 from NASC either by email to the NASC or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401

• HSE Scaffold Information Sheet
  The Health and Safety Executive published on 1st August 2008 a three page "Revised Scaffold Information Sheet". It confirms all scaffolds have to be designed, unless it is a basic scaffold to the NASC Guidance TG20.

  (OBTAIN FROM: http://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/scaffoldinginfo.htm

• Work at Height Regulations Question and Answer Brief - Question 24 Scaffolding
  The Health and Safety Executive revised their website Question 24 in January 2006. The revised and corrected text is:

  • Question 24. What about scaffolding? Do I have to design scaffolding? What is a generally recognised standard configuration?

  • Answer. Most scaffolds can be erected following a generally recognised standard configuration. Such as those given in the National Access and Scaffolding Confederation (NASC) guide TG 20:08, or used in accordance with the manufacturers guidance for system scaffolds.

    Where scaffolds due to their complexity or size cannot be erected to these established configurations they should be designed generally in accordance to the principles given in BS EN 12811 or based on fundamental engineering principles. In these cases a note of the design should be available. Competent scaffolders should always erect tube and fitting, or system scaffolds, and a safe system of work should be followed, i.e. as described in NASC's guidance note SG4:05.

  ( end of Q24 Answer ) See the full brief at HSE Q & A Brief as pdf file.

  • SG28:06 Scaffold for Timber Frame Housing
    The NASC guidance note "Safe System of Work for Scaffolding associated with Timber Frame Building Construction" is now available. Prepared after detailed consultation with the industry, it gives guidance on use of tube and fitting scaffolds in this work. (16 pages)
    (Order Ref. SG24:06 from NASC either by email nasc.org.uk or Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7822 7400 or fax +44 (0) 20 7822 7401)

  • PASMA Prefabricated Access Suppliers' & Manufacturers' Association.
    The Operator's Code of Practice for prefabricated access towers manufactured in aluminium alloy or fibreglass, 12th revision was published in December 2005. This edition brings the code in line with BS EN 1004:2004. Although costing only £5.00 this A5 colour booklet represents excellent value. Available from PASMA member companies only.

    (Further infomation contact PASMA on telephone +44 (0) 845 230 4041 or fax +44 (0) 845 230 4042 )

  • CE 509 A Guide to Practical Scaffolding
    This booklet used by many scaffolders has been updated in July 2005 to include the recomendations from BS EN 12811-1 and has introduced the tie spacings stated TG20:05. It is now 146 pages. ISBN 0 902029 91 6. Order direct from CITB Publications.

  • CITB SCAFFOLDING BOOKLETS
    The CITB booklets on Construction Site Safety for Scaffolding were updated AGAIN in January 2007 in Volume 1 as Ref: GE 700/ C5 for Tube and Fitting Scaffolds and Ref: GE 700 / C4 for System Scaffolds and Mobile Towers. It is noted that they have now included the recomendations from BS EN 12811-1 and introduced the tie spacings stated in TG20:05.

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